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Anorectal malformation (ARM) is a condition that a baby is born with. In this condition, the anus (the opening where stool comes out) and the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) do not form in the normal way. Because of this problem, the baby may not be able to pass stool normally. The opening where stool comes out may be very small, closed, or not in the right place. In some babies, the rectum may be connected to the wrong body part (urinary system) instead of opening in the normal place.
Early treatment is very important. If it is not treated in time, it can cause blockage in the intestines and serious infections. Most babies need surgery soon after birth. With proper treatment, most children grow up healthy and do very well
Anorectal malformation (ARM) happens while a baby is still growing inside the mother’s womb. In the early weeks of pregnancy (around 7–10 weeks), the lower part of the baby’s digestive system is forming. During this time, the rectum and anus separate from the urinary system and develop into their normal positions. If this process does not happen properly, the anus or rectum may not form in the usual way. The opening may be missing, too small, or in the wrong place.
In most cases, doctors do not know the exact cause. It is important to understand that ARM is not caused by anything the mother did or did not do during pregnancy. Sometimes, ARM can occur along with other birth conditions such as:
ARM is slightly more common in boys. In very rare cases, it can run in families. It’s important to know that this condition develops early in pregnancy and is not caused by anything parents did. With early treatment and proper medical care, many children with ARM grow up to live healthy, normal lives.
If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to see a doctor quickly. Early treatment can prevent problems and help your child grow up healthy.
Anorectal Malformation (ARM) is usually diagnosed soon after a baby is born, especially in hospitals that provide specialized children’s care in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
The first step is a careful check by a pediatrician, neonatologist or pediatric surgeon. The doctor examines the baby to see:
If the baby does not pass stool within the first 24–48 hours after birth, this is also an important warning sign.
If ARM is suspected, doctors may recommend a few simple tests to understand the condition better, such as:
These tests help doctors clearly understand the problem and plan the most suitable treatment for your child.
Early diagnosis is very important. With timely care from experienced pediatric specialists in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, babies with ARM can receive proper treatment and go on to live healthy lives.
At Kids Care, the main treatment for ARM is surgery, tailored to the severity of the condition. Our pediatric surgical team creates a safe, personalized plan for each child.
1 Single stage surgery:
Primary Anoplasty or Ano-rectoplasty: For mild cases or those who have abnormal opening at perineum or vestibule ( just behind vagina) , the surgeon corrects or creates the anal opening at proper position in a single surgery so the child can pass stool normally.
Three stage Surgery:
With modern care and follow-up, most children recover well and grow up healthy and active.
2 Care after Surgery & Recovery
After surgery, parents are given simple guidance to help their child heal comfortably:
With careful care and regular check-ups, most children recover well, achieve normal bowel function, and enjoy a healthy, active life.
Parents should contact a doctor right away if their newborn shows any of these signs:
Early medical attention is very important. Prompt evaluation by a pediatric specialist can help diagnose the problem quickly and start treatment, giving your baby the best chance for a healthy recovery.
Pediatric anorectal malformations are birth defects that affect the anus and rectum in babies. These problems can make it difficult for a child to pass stool normally.
Doctors usually notice anorectal malformation when a baby is born and examined. They might see that the anus is very small, missing, or in the wrong place.
Children may have trouble controlling stool, experience accidental leakage, diarrhea, pain or burning during bowel movements, and sometimes bleeding or inflammation.
Doctors perform simple and gentle tests to understand your child’s condition. They carefully examine the baby and may use X-rays or ultrasound to see inside the body. These painless tests help doctors identify the problem and choose the best treatment for your child.
Most babies need surgery to fix the anus and rectum. The exact type and timing depend on how serious the problem is. Treating early usually gives the best results.
These are types of anorectal malformations where the rectum connects to the wrong place. In boys, stool may pass with urine (recto-urethral). In girls, stool may come out through the abnormal opening just behind the vaginal area (recto-vestibular). Both need surgery to restore normal bowel function. If stool comes out of vagina then it is recto-vaginal fistula.
Yes! After surgery and proper care, most children grow up healthy and active, able to do everything other kids do. The doctors and hospital team support both you and your child throughout recovery.
Yes, the hospital offers full care—diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up—supporting both the child and parents through every step of recovery.
Most children stay a few days to a week. Doctors keep them until they are healing well, feeding properly, and able to pass stool comfortably.
